PedAM
Pediatric Disease Annotations & Medicines
| Disease | hepatitis b |
| Symptom | |chronic infection |
| Sentences | 209 |
| PubMedID- 22588246 | Background: the immunopathogenesis of dual chronic infection with hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus (hbv/hcv) remains unclear. |
| PubMedID- 24932259 | It is estimated that the majority of hccs in china develop as a consequence of chronic infection with hepatitis b virus and arise in fibrotic or cirrhotic livers (2). |
| PubMedID- 26113910 | Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic infection with hepatitis b. |
| PubMedID- 21195370 | Sixty percent of all hccs in asia and africa are related to chronic infection with the hepatitis b virus (hbv) compared to only 20% of hcc cases in europe, japan and usa. |
| PubMedID- 20546437 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a major global health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality from sequelae of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| PubMedID- 22242973 | Introduction: the nucleotide analogue adefovir dipivoxil (adv) was approved in 2002 for the treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv), in both hepatitis b e antigen (hbeag)-positive and -negative patients. |
| PubMedID- 23990707 | chronic infection with the hepatitis b virus (hbv) is associated with cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| PubMedID- 21168955 | It is thought that 80% of hepatocellular carcinomas are linked to chronic infections with the hepatitis b (hbv) or hepatitis c (hcv) viruses. |
| PubMedID- 23370206 | The intersecting effects of alcohol intake, chronic infection with hepatitis b and/or c viruses, obesity and the development of insulin resistance makes understanding the exact nature of the association between diabetes and hcc difficult, though the effects of elevated insulin levels due to insulin resistance remains the most well studied effect of diabetes on hcc development. |
| PubMedID- 23940730 | Major risk factors for hcc include chronic infections with hepatitis b (hbv) or c (hcv) viruses, foodstuff contamination with aflatoxins, and increased alcohol consumption . |
| PubMedID- 23320822 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a major global health problem, which affects more than 400 million people worldwide . |
| PubMedID- 23565610 | chronic infection with hepatitis b and hepatitis c viruses are the primary risk factor for hepatocellular cancer. |
| PubMedID- 24682088 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) currently affects about 400 million people worldwide, and leads to complications of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). |
| PubMedID- 25674734 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) often causes chronic inflammation of the liver with an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). |
| PubMedID- 23392071 | chronic infections with hepatitis b (hbv) and c (hcv) viruses and alcohol abuse are the major factors leading to hcc. |
| PubMedID- 22087123 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is the major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) worldwide. |
| PubMedID- 24818148 | Several etiological factors have been identified including chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) or hepatitis c virus (hcv), prolonged exposure to aflatoxin b1 . |
| PubMedID- 23577090 | The highest prevalence of hcc is in east asia due to the high prevalence of chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) 2. |
| PubMedID- 20482252 | Hbsag profiles in patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for the treatment of dual chronic infection with hepatitis b and c viruses. |
| PubMedID- 21346778 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is the most common cause of liver cancer worldwide, as well as a major risk factor for development of cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease.1 the hepatitis b vaccine is highly effective in preventing new infections, but ∼360 million people still suffer from chronic hepatitis b and there are ∼600 000 annual deaths from hbv-related causes.1 recent genome-wide association studies identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) located within the human leukocyte antigen (hla) class ii genes hla-dpa1 and hla-dpb1 to be associated with chronic hepatitis b.2, 3 replication studies performed on two of these snps (rs3077 and rs9277535) confirmed and strengthened results from the genome-wide association studies.2 class ii hla genes encode proteins expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells and b cells, and thereby have a critical role in presentation of antigens to cd4+ t-helper lymphocytes. |
| PubMedID- 25757614 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) occurs in approximately 5 % of the world's human population and persistence of the virus is associated with serious complications of cirrhosis and liver cancer. |
| PubMedID- 23274669 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is associated with impairment of t and nk cell immunity. |
| PubMedID- 22224076 | Sylvester chuks nwokediuko, department of medicine, university of nigeria teaching hospital, ituku ozallachronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a global public health problem because of its worldwide distribution and its potential to cause sequelae. |
| PubMedID- 22911677 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is present in an estimated 360 million individuals worldwide, and is an important cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer . |
| PubMedID- 20198633 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is strongly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), and the viral hbx protein plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver tumors. |
| PubMedID- 24194751 | chronic infection of hepatitis b and hepatitis c viruses (hbv and hcv) and subsequent liver injury-regeneration cycle are considered a major etiology of hcc 3. |
| PubMedID- 21994691 | An estimated 75% of all hcc cases are due to chronic infection with hepatitis b (hbv) or hepatitis c (hcv) viruses, and the incidence rate of hcc is predicted to increase in western countries until the 2020s due to hcv infection . |
| PubMedID- 22467683 | chronic infections with the hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) are the major risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), and great efforts have been made towards the understanding of the different mechanisms that link the viral infection of hepatic lesions to hcc development. |
| PubMedID- 22087137 | Accordingly, many cases are attributed to the growing prevalence of chronic infections with hepatitis b and hepatitis c viruses 9. |
| PubMedID- 24708667 | The primary risk factors for developing hcc are cirrhosis (independent of its etiology), and chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) or hepatitis c virus (hcv). |
| PubMedID- 22312395 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a major global health problem, affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. |
| PubMedID- 25713800 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. |
| PubMedID- 21687523 | chronic infection with the hepatitis b virus (hbv) occurs in approximately 6% of the world's population and carriers of the virus are at risk for complicating hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| PubMedID- 23633848 | globally, chronic infections with hepatitis b virus (hbv) or hepatitis c virus (hcv) and prolonged dietary exposure to aflatoxin are responsible for about 80% of all hcc in human. |
| PubMedID- 23910648 | chronic infection with the hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a frequent cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. |
| PubMedID- 22325840 | Hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), a malignancy caused mainly by chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and/or hepatitis c virus (hcv), is a highly fatal disease. |
| PubMedID- 23805355 | chronic infections with hepatitis b viruses or hepatitis c viruses have both been recognized as human liver carcinogens with a combined attributable fraction of at least 75% of all hcc cases. |
| PubMedID- 24084133 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus has a profound effect on health-related quality of life. |
| PubMedID- 26334902 | Approximately 75 to 80% of hcc patients are in the asia-pacific region,1 where hcc incidence is driven by the spread of chronic infection with hepatitis b and c virus (hbv/hcv), which leads to liver cirrhosis. |
| PubMedID- 26226632 | Several risk factors have been identified to contribute to the international burden of hcc such as chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv), alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (nash), diabetes mellitus (dm), obesity, intake of aflatoxins-contaminated food, tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol drinking and genetically inherited disorders (hemochromatosis, α-1 anti-trypsin deficiency, porphyrias) 2. |
| PubMedID- 25646622 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) affects over 300 million individuals worldwide . |
| PubMedID- 23166535 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) accounts for about 75–80% of hcc cases worldwide (2). |
| PubMedID- 22655206 | Hcc is an end result of some chronic infections with the hepatitis b (hbv) or the hepatitis c (hcv) figure 1 . |
| PubMedID- 22768303 | We formulated a model of immune tolerance during chronic infection with hepatitis b virus. |
| PubMedID- 23963804 | In endemic areas of sub-saharan africa and asia, plc largely arises from chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and ingestion of aflatoxins. |
| PubMedID- 26573807 | The main risk factors for hcc are chronic infections with either hepatitis b virus (hbv) or hepatitis c virus (hcv), making up approximately 75–85 % of all cases, as well as excessive alcohol consumption, which is responsible for about 40 % of hcc development in western countries . |
| PubMedID- 22205924 | These geographical variations are in part explained by variations in the prevalence of chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and/or hepatitis c virus (hcv). |
| PubMedID- 22506050 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) has been recognized as a major cause of hcc . |
| PubMedID- 23878812 | Globally, chronic infection with hepatitis b (hbv) or hepatitis c (hcv) virus is a major risk factor for hcc. |
| PubMedID- 21439249 | chronic infection of hepatitis b virus (hbv) is the leading cause of hcc in china, and the encoded protein of the hbv x gene (hbx) plays a critical role in the tumorigenesis of hbv-related hcc2. |