PedAM
Pediatric Disease Annotations & Medicines
| Disease | hepatitis |
| Symptom | |chronic infection |
| Sentences | 332 |
| PubMedID- 23886003 | chronic infection with the hepatitis b virus (hbv) runs a long natural course during which underlying changes in liver histology can progress to cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation, as well as to hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| PubMedID- 25603021 | The etiology of hcc includes chronic infection with hepatitis b and c viruses, cirrhosis, and exposure to dietary and environmental hepatocarcinogens. |
| PubMedID- 24708667 | The primary risk factors for developing hcc are cirrhosis (independent of its etiology), and chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) or hepatitis c virus (hcv). |
| PubMedID- 23024757 | Among them, chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is one of the major etiological factors for developing hcc with considerable regional variations ranging from 20% of hcc cases in japan to 65% in china 3. |
| PubMedID- 26058595 | In japan, most european countries, and america, approximately 60% of hcc cases are attributed to chronic infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) 3. |
| PubMedID- 23906236 | A prominent factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv). |
| PubMedID- 24839620 | Background: chronic infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. |
| PubMedID- 25198705 | chronic infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) is associated with a large spectrum of extrahepatic manifestations (ehms), mostly immunologic/rheumatologic in nature owing to b-cell proliferation and clonal expansion. |
| PubMedID- 24228011 | Actually, chronic infections with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) are also considered responsible of liver cancer and are classified by the international agency for research on cancer (iarc) as carcinogenic to humans (group 1) 2. |
| PubMedID- 21526182 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus is the predominant risk factor for hcc in southeast asia and africa, while chronic infection with hepatitis c virus is the predominant risk factor for hcc in western countries and japan. |
| PubMedID- 23188673 | Overwhelmingly, chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is recognized important risk factors of hcc in many countries, including china. |
| PubMedID- 26429337 | chronic infection with hepatitis c virus (chc) is a large public health problem, impacting an estimated three million people in the united states . |
| PubMedID- 22894766 | chronic infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) is the predominant aetiology for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) worldwide . |
| PubMedID- 21319976 | To test whether chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) could also be responsible for such modifications, we analyzed the expression of cd27, cd28, ccr7, and perforin in blood cd8+ t lymphocytes. |
| PubMedID- 23935864 | The main reason for the disproportionate spread of hcc is attributable to the prevalence of its major risk factors, that is, chronic infection with the hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) which exist in the developing world. |
| PubMedID- 24103591 | Following, we present diagrams of transition for treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis c virus in mutually excluding stages (figure 1). |
| PubMedID- 24925642 | The aim of the present study was to measure the influence of chronic infection with viral hepatitis c (chc) genotype 1 and 4 on serum levels of activin-a, activin-b and follistatin, and to determine their correlations with viral load, liver damage, interleukin-6 (il-6) and tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha. |
| PubMedID- 20108989 | chronic infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major healthcare problem, affecting an estimated 170 million people worldwide. |
| PubMedID- 23039099 | Epidemiologic and experimental evidence has shown that chronic infection with hepatitis b and c virus (hbv, hcv) is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). |
| PubMedID- 24175758 | This disease tends to occur in livers damaged through alcohol abuse, or chronic infection with hepatitis b and c, on a background of cirrhosis. |
| PubMedID- 25897319 | This results in liver fibrosis, which is a major cause of mortality worldwide mainly because of chronic infection with the hepatitis virus and obesity associated with fatty liver disease 1. |
| PubMedID- 23169288 | The predominant role of chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) in the aetiology of hcc is well documented (llovet et al, 2003; london and mcglynn, 2006; mueller et al, 2006). |
| PubMedID- 21869931 | The most important risk factors for liver carcinogenesis include chronic infections with hepatitis b (hbv) and c (hcv) viruses, chronic alcohol consumption, and consumption of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) contaminated food. |
| PubMedID- 23761295 | Aflatoxin b1 in particular is a potent liver carcinogen, and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) risk is multiplicatively higher for individuals exposed to both aflatoxin and chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv). |
| PubMedID- 20697376 | Worldwide, most cases of cirrhosis and liver cancer are caused by chronic infection with hepatitis b (hbv) or c viruses (hcv) (1, 2). |
| PubMedID- 24932259 | It is estimated that the majority of hccs in china develop as a consequence of chronic infection with hepatitis b virus and arise in fibrotic or cirrhotic livers (2). |
| PubMedID- 22911677 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is present in an estimated 360 million individuals worldwide, and is an important cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer . |
| PubMedID- 25338920 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) puts individuals at high risk for complicating cirrhosis and liver cancer, but available treatment to counter the virus rarely eliminates infection. |
| PubMedID- 23940730 | Major risk factors for hcc include chronic infections with hepatitis b (hbv) or c (hcv) viruses, foodstuff contamination with aflatoxins, and increased alcohol consumption . |
| PubMedID- 25355887 | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a risk factor for developing liver diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). |
| PubMedID- 21268724 | Background: chronic infection with hepatitis b virus and hepatitis delta virus (hdv) results in the most severe form of viral hepatitis. |
| PubMedID- 20208985 | chronic infection with the hepatitis c virus (chc) is associated with physical and mental symptoms including fatigue and depression that adversely affect quality of life. |
| PubMedID- 24818148 | Several etiological factors have been identified including chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) or hepatitis c virus (hcv), prolonged exposure to aflatoxin b1 . |
| PubMedID- 22087137 | Accordingly, many cases are attributed to the growing prevalence of chronic infections with hepatitis b and hepatitis c viruses 9. |
| PubMedID- 24273918 | Background: the rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is increasing in egypt where the major risk factor is chronic infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv). |
| PubMedID- 21687523 | chronic infection with the hepatitis b virus (hbv) occurs in approximately 6% of the world's population and carriers of the virus are at risk for complicating hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| PubMedID- 21645344 | In this article we discuss several liver conditions which are directly affected by overweight and obese status, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic infection with hepatitis c virus and post-liver transplant status. |
| PubMedID- 23533578 | Results: vaccine efficacy against chronic infection with hepatitis b virus was 95.1% (95% confidence interval 91.5% to 97.1%), which did not vary significantly between age groups or village. |
| PubMedID- 22039483 | For example, chronic infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) results from reduction of the dimerization of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs) by hcv nonstructural (ns) protein ns3/4a protease to levels that are too low to mount strong enough antiviral immune responses . |
| PubMedID- 23162599 | Approximately 70%–90% of hcc patients have an established history of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, whose major risk factors include alcoholic liver disease and chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) (7, 8). |
| PubMedID- 23577090 | Other well-established risk factors for hcc include chronic infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv), exposure to aflatoxin b1, male gender, drinking, smoking, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes , , 7. |
| PubMedID- 23533994 | Several studies have shown that chronic infections with hepatitis viruses (hepatitis b virus, hbv and hepatitis c virus, hcv) are major risk factors for hcc development. |
| PubMedID- 21449783 | Background: peginterferon-ribavirin therapy is the current standard of care for chronic infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv). |
| PubMedID- 23869873 | Background and aim: chronic infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) decreases health-related quality of life (hrqol). |
| PubMedID- 24495874 | chronic infection of the hepatitis b or c virus, together with the consequent immune response, has an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of hcc (luan et al, 2009; an et al, 2010; arzumanyan et al, 2013). |
| PubMedID- 25786459 | Recently, chronic infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 has been reported in immunocompromised patients. |
| PubMedID- 22588246 | Background: the immunopathogenesis of dual chronic infection with hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus (hbv/hcv) remains unclear. |
| PubMedID- 26082614 | chronic infection with the chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality.1,2 it is estimated that approximately two billion people are infected with hbv in the world, which results in approximately 500,000 deaths every year, mainly due to its complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc).3,4 evidence-based medicine has demonstrated that effective antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis b (chb) can reduce the risk of long-term complications and improve patient survival.5,6 current nucleos(t)ide analogs (nucs) approved by the us food and drug administration (fda) for chb patients include lamivudine (lmv), adefovir dipivoxil (adv), entecavir (etv), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tdf), and telbivudine (ldt).7,8 though etv and tdf have been recommended as the first-line options for treatment of naïve chb patients, they are not in widespread used in countries with limited health resources due to the high daily cost or difficulty of availablity,9,10 and therefore lmv and adv are still widely used in the world, especially in the economically less developed regions due to their low cost and easy availablity.11,12 adv was recommended by certain scholars because it has less drug resistance ratio than lmv, while lmv was the earliest available pharmacon and was still used frequently in many economically less developed countries. |
| PubMedID- 23936821 | chronic infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv) affects almost 200 million people worldwide, representing a leading cause of cirrhosis and anticipated liver-related death 1. |
| PubMedID- 24914367 | chronic infections with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and/or hepatitis c virus (hcv) are the major causes of cirrhosis globally. |